Trade Pathways R&D

Defra wishes to commission research which will answer the following questions: - What are the commodity types, the value and net mass of controlled commodities cleared in the EU and then transported to the UK? - Where does this trade enter the EU, leave the EU, and enter the UK? - How might trade flows change in the following scenarios if the EU ceased to check third country goods destined for the UK (meaning they were checked at the UK border instead): o If the UK is a member of the Customs Union - no tariffs on EU-UK movements. o If UK is out of Customs Union - tariffs on EU-UK movements.